CalejoControl/src/core/safety.py

"""
Safety Framework for Calejo Control Adapter.

Implements multi-layer safety mechanisms to prevent equipment damage
and operational hazards.
"""

from typing import Tuple, List, Optional, Dict
from dataclasses import dataclass
import structlog

from src.database.flexible_client import FlexibleDatabaseClient
from src.core.emergency_stop import EmergencyStopManager

logger = structlog.get_logger()


@dataclass
class SafetyLimits:
    """Safety limits for a pump."""
    hard_min_speed_hz: float
    hard_max_speed_hz: float
    hard_min_level_m: Optional[float]
    hard_max_level_m: Optional[float]
    hard_max_power_kw: Optional[float]
    max_speed_change_hz_per_min: float


class SafetyLimitEnforcer:
    """
    Enforces multi-layer safety limits on all setpoints.
    
    This is the LAST line of defense before setpoints are exposed to SCADA.
    ALL setpoints MUST pass through this enforcer.
    
    Three-Layer Architecture:
    - Layer 1: Physical Hard Limits (PLC/VFD) - 15-55 Hz
    - Layer 2: Station Safety Limits (Database) - 20-50 Hz (enforced here)
    - Layer 3: Optimization Constraints (Calejo Optimize) - 25-45 Hz
    """
    
    def __init__(self, db_client: FlexibleDatabaseClient, emergency_stop_manager: EmergencyStopManager = None):
        self.db_client = db_client
        self.emergency_stop_manager = emergency_stop_manager
        self.safety_limits_cache: Dict[Tuple[str, str], SafetyLimits] = {}
        self.previous_setpoints: Dict[Tuple[str, str], float] = {}
    
    async def load_safety_limits(self):
        """Load safety limits from database into cache."""
        try:
            limits = self.db_client.get_safety_limits()
            
            for limit in limits:
                key = (limit['station_id'], limit['pump_id'])
                self.safety_limits_cache[key] = SafetyLimits(
                    hard_min_speed_hz=limit['hard_min_speed_hz'],
                    hard_max_speed_hz=limit['hard_max_speed_hz'],
                    hard_min_level_m=limit.get('hard_min_level_m'),
                    hard_max_level_m=limit.get('hard_max_level_m'),
                    hard_max_power_kw=limit.get('hard_max_power_kw'),
                    max_speed_change_hz_per_min=limit['max_speed_change_hz_per_min']
                )
            
            logger.info("safety_limits_loaded", pump_count=len(limits))
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error("failed_to_load_safety_limits", error=str(e))
            raise
    
    def enforce_setpoint(
        self,
        station_id: str,
        pump_id: str,
        setpoint: float
    ) -> Tuple[float, List[str]]:
        """
        Enforce safety limits on setpoint.
        
        Args:
            station_id: Station identifier
            pump_id: Pump identifier
            setpoint: Proposed setpoint (Hz)
            
        Returns:
            Tuple of (enforced_setpoint, violations)
            - enforced_setpoint: Safe setpoint (clamped if necessary)
            - violations: List of safety violations (for logging/alerting)
        """
        violations = []
        enforced_setpoint = setpoint
        
        # Check emergency stop first (highest priority)
        if self.emergency_stop_manager and self.emergency_stop_manager.is_emergency_stop_active(station_id, pump_id):
            violations.append("EMERGENCY_STOP_ACTIVE")
            # Emergency stop overrides everything - set to 0 Hz
            return (0.0, violations)
        
        # Get safety limits
        key = (station_id, pump_id)
        limits = self.safety_limits_cache.get(key)
        
        if not limits:
            logger.error(
                "no_safety_limits",
                station_id=station_id,
                pump_id=pump_id
            )
            # CRITICAL: No safety limits defined - reject setpoint
            return (0.0, ["NO_SAFETY_LIMITS_DEFINED"])
        
        # Check minimum speed
        if enforced_setpoint < limits.hard_min_speed_hz:
            violations.append(
                f"BELOW_MIN_SPEED: {enforced_setpoint:.2f} < {limits.hard_min_speed_hz:.2f}"
            )
            enforced_setpoint = limits.hard_min_speed_hz
        
        # Check maximum speed
        if enforced_setpoint > limits.hard_max_speed_hz:
            violations.append(
                f"ABOVE_MAX_SPEED: {enforced_setpoint:.2f} > {limits.hard_max_speed_hz:.2f}"
            )
            enforced_setpoint = limits.hard_max_speed_hz
        
        # Check rate of change (prevent sudden speed changes that damage equipment)
        previous_setpoint = self.previous_setpoints.get(key)
        if previous_setpoint is not None:
            max_change = limits.max_speed_change_hz_per_min * 5.0  # 5-minute interval
            actual_change = abs(enforced_setpoint - previous_setpoint)
            
            if actual_change > max_change:
                # Limit rate of change
                direction = 1 if enforced_setpoint > previous_setpoint else -1
                enforced_setpoint = previous_setpoint + (direction * max_change)
                violations.append(
                    f"RATE_OF_CHANGE_LIMITED: {actual_change:.2f} Hz > {max_change:.2f} Hz"
                )
        
        # Store current setpoint for next rate-of-change check
        self.previous_setpoints[key] = enforced_setpoint
        
        # Log violations
        if violations:
            logger.warning(
                "safety_limit_violation",
                station_id=station_id,
                pump_id=pump_id,
                requested_setpoint=setpoint,
                enforced_setpoint=enforced_setpoint,
                violations=violations
            )
            
            # Record violation in database for audit
            self._record_violation(station_id, pump_id, setpoint, enforced_setpoint, violations)
        
        return (enforced_setpoint, violations)
    
    def get_safety_limits(self, station_id: str, pump_id: str) -> Optional[SafetyLimits]:
        """Get safety limits for a specific pump."""
        key = (station_id, pump_id)
        return self.safety_limits_cache.get(key)
    
    def has_safety_limits(self, station_id: str, pump_id: str) -> bool:
        """Check if safety limits exist for a specific pump."""
        key = (station_id, pump_id)
        return key in self.safety_limits_cache
    
    def clear_safety_limits(self, station_id: str, pump_id: str):
        """Clear safety limits for a specific pump."""
        key = (station_id, pump_id)
        self.safety_limits_cache.pop(key, None)
        self.previous_setpoints.pop(key, None)
    
    def clear_all_safety_limits(self):
        """Clear all safety limits."""
        self.safety_limits_cache.clear()
        self.previous_setpoints.clear()
    
    def get_loaded_limits_count(self) -> int:
        """Get the number of loaded safety limits."""
        return len(self.safety_limits_cache)
    
    def _record_violation(
        self,
        station_id: str,
        pump_id: str,
        requested: float,
        enforced: float,
        violations: List[str]
    ):
        """Record safety limit violation in database."""
        if not self.db_client:
            # Database client not available - skip recording
            return
            
        query = """
            INSERT INTO safety_limit_violations 
            (station_id, pump_id, requested_setpoint, enforced_setpoint, violations, timestamp)
            VALUES (:station_id, :pump_id, :requested, :enforced, :violations, datetime('now'))
        """
        self.db_client.execute(query, {
            "station_id": station_id,
            "pump_id": pump_id,
            "requested": requested,
            "enforced": enforced,
            "violations": ", ".join(violations)  # Convert list to string
        })